بچپن | آپ بیتی | میکسیم گورکی

Maxim Gorky was born on March 28, 1868, in Nizhny Novgorod, Russia. He influenced the world with his writings and breathed life into the revolution. Maxim Gorky’s real name was Alexei Maximovich Peshkov. Gorky was five years old when his father passed away, and his mother took him to her father's house, who worked as a dyer in Nizhny Novgorod. Gorky has described the story from that time until his youth in two novels. It is very difficult to find a better subject for novels like Childhood and My Universities than his own life story. At the age of fifteen, Gorky tried to get admitted into a school in the city of Kazan but failed. He took a job at a bakery. Gorky met a few students who planted the seeds of revolutionary thinking in his mind. Gorky left the bakery and wandered aimlessly in southeastern Russia for two or three years. In 1890, he became a clerk for a lawyer in Novgorod, and thanks to the lawyer’s sympathy and encouragement, his academic and literary abilities grew to the point where he began writing short stories. His first short story was published in 1892. In 1898, a collection of his short stories was published in two volumes. Within a short time, he became famous and beloved not only in Russia but even more so in foreign countries.

In 1900, he was exiled and sent to Novgorod, but this punishment had no effect on his conduct. In 1902, he was elected as a member of the Royal Academy, and when the election was cancelled by government order, Chekhov, who had himself been elected some time earlier, was so angry that he resigned from his membership. In 1905, when the movement for the first Russian Revolution was rising, Gorky was imprisoned, but such dissatisfaction was expressed across Europe that the government was forced to release him. After the revolution was suppressed, Gorky went to America via Finland. After America, he lived in the famous Italian island of Capri for a few years for the sake of his health. In 1914, World War I began. He grieved over the bloodshed; he had no sympathy for either of the warring parties and was not concerned with the outcome of the war. However, when signs of revolution appeared in 1917, Gorky set out to help make the revolution a success. During this period, Gorky wrote only three more books, one of which contains accounts of his meetings with Tolstoy, Korolenko, Chekhov, Andreyev, and others; the second book is My Universities; and the third is a diary. In these, the style of short stories and novels is visible here and there, but in the miscellaneous essays, where his brilliance is displayed, signs of old age are also clearly visible.

Gorky's early short stories depict the condition of Russia's poor class, much like mud and shells brought up from the bottom of a river with a net. Chelkash (1895), Comrades (1896), and Malva (1897) are Gorky's first short story collections, and they are largely a souvenir of the vagrancy Gorky experienced in Odessa and southern Russia. Gorky's novel Mother (1907) is held in high esteem in revolutionary circles. It has been translated into most of the world's languages and has also been adapted into films. In 1934, Maxim Gorky was elected as the first chairman of the Union of Soviet Writers and remained in this position until his death (1936). This great novelist, short story writer, playwright, and journalist of the literary world departed from this transient world on June 28, 1936, in Moscow Oblast.

Works:

"Mother"

"The Birth of a Man"

"Tales of Italy"

"Three of Them"

"Childhood"

"My Universities"

"In the World"